#title(情報知識学会誌, Vol.15)
* 情報知識学会誌, Vol. 15 [#z15ef43c]
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(1), 1-11}; [#q4f6037e]
** グラフ構造に基づく同値関係自動抽出手法の改善 &br; '''Improvements on Automatic Extraction of Equivalent Relationships Based Graph Structures''' &br; 森本 貴之, 藤原 譲 &br; Takayuki MORIMOTO and Yuzuru FUJIWARA [#p26a7bfc]
近年，情報や知識を適切に利用するために情報の内容に関する，より高度な処理機能が要求され始めている．このような要求に対して，我々は以前より専門用語間の意味関係に基づく概念構造の生成とその利用に関する研究を行ってきている．現在，概念構造の生成および生成した概念構造を利用する情報検索システムのプロトタイプを構築している．本論文では，意味関係の一つである同値関係の自動抽出法であるC-TRAN法における抽出精度の向上に関する検討を行う．
In recent years, advanced utilization of contents of information are required to use information and knowledge resources sufficiently. In order to satisfy such requirement, we made a generating system of conceptual structures based on semantic relationships among technical terms and an information retrieval system using them. This paper reports improvements on an automatic extraction of equivalent relationships which called C-TRAN.
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(1), 12-22}; [#w9f6cace]
** XMLとJavaを用いた材料特性評価システム &br; '''Evaluation System for Material Properties Using XML and Java''' &br; 辻上 哲也，堀川 武, 門馬 義雄, 吉岡 和樹 &br; Tetsuya TSUJIKAMI, Takeshi HORIKAWA, Yoshio MONMA and Kazuki YOSHIOKA [#s9ed2bee]
近年，国内外に分散する各種材料データベースを共通財産として，インターネット環境で共有，相互利用できる技術基盤の確立が望まれている．しかし，現状の材料データベースは共有フォーマットが存在しないために，二次的利用は困難であった．そこで，共通フォーマットとしてXMLが注目され，DTDによる材料データベースの共通フォーマット化が進められている．そこで本研究では，インターネット上にあるXMLベースの材料データベースを活用する材料特性評価システムの開発を目的とした．開発したシステムでは，S−N曲線や応用カースキーマ曲線などの評価結果が表示できる．Java言語とJavaサーブレット，XSLT，RELAXスキーマを用いた材料特性評価システムは，インターネットを利用したXMLによる材料データベースを共有化するにあたって非常に有用なシステムであると言え，有益な資産になり得るものと考える．
It is very important to evaluate the characteristics of materials in order to use them effectually. However, the usual database systems can't be used easily in a uniform manner，because the developed systems don't have a common format and haven't opened to the public.Therefore, in this study, the computer software which can search material data accumulated by XML document and evaluate the characteristics of materials through the Internet has been developed using the Java language.The Java is a very useful programming language which is possible to develop the application for handling the data through the Internet.The retrieval system has been developed using Servlet and XSLT. The evaluation tool is possible to express some graphs（S−Ncurve，Stress−Strain curve,etc.）and some parameters of the equation can be determined. The developed open system is very useful for the engineering design.
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** 文化科学研究分野における情報資源共有化について &br; 安永 尚志 [#j08b3d6d]
We are now in feasibility studies on the project for information resource sharing among many National Research Institutes on the humanity sciences in Japan. The project is collaboration with National Institute of Japanese Literature，National Museum of Ethnology, National Museum of Japanese History，lnternational Research Center for Japanese Studies, The Historiographical Institute of University of Tokyo，Center for Southeast Asian Studies of Kyoto University，The Graduate University for Advanced Studies，and so on. It has an objectve of developing system and technologies on seamless access to the individual databases held in these Institutes. We use the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set for metadata system and the Z39.50 protocol for information retrieval system and the HTML for user interface.
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(2), 7-14}; [#h9063c05]
** 「歴史人物画像データベース」構築奮闘記 &br; '''Report of content that strives to construct "History character image-database"''' &br; 相田 満 &br; AIDA, Mitsuru &br; 人間文化研究機構国文学研究資料館 &br; National Institute of Japanese Literature of the National Institutes for the Humanities [#ze0e4dee]
古典籍中に描かれた人物肖像（主に日本人）をデータベース化した「歴史人物画像データベ一ス」は、人物の画像・履歴情報・検索システムとの組み合わせで運用されるものを完成形とている。現在公開中のものは、その見本版にすぎないが、幸いにも相当の好評を得たものとなっている。本稿は、当該データベースについて、検索・データ形成上の工夫（暦日・異体字テーブル・異称管理等）や問題点、さらにデータベース構築により分かった事柄の一端を報告する。
”Historical-characters image-database”is the one that the person portrait in the classics census register was made a data base．（chiefly Japanese）．A finished type of this data base is the one operated by the combination of person's image，history information，and search engine. It receives a fevoreble reception still though the one opening it to the public now is only the sample version．ln this report，the following is described about a data base concerned.
1．About the retrieval，the data formation，the device（for instance，calendar day，counterpart character table，and different name management，etc.)，and problems.
2．In addition，about the thing that understands from the data base construction．
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** 仏典画像閲覧のためのデータベースシステムの構築 &br; '''A Database System for the Picture Files of Buddhist Canons''' &br; 仁野 洋平, 田中猛彦, 張蓉, 中川優, 青木進, 宇都宮啓吾, 落合俊典 &br; Yohei Nino, Takehiko Tanaka, Rong Zhang, Masaru Nakagawa, Susumu Aoki, Keigo Utsunomiya, Toshinori Ochiai &br; 和歌山大学大学院システム工学研究科, 和歌山大学システム工学部, 国際仏教学大学院大学, 大谷女子大学文学部 [#odb3ecec]
We have taken the picture images of all the Buddhist canons in the possession of Kongoji,using digital cameras. Although those images are so vivid and easy to view，it is quite hard to find some character or phrase from that file．In addition，it is not effective or practical to manage tens of thousands of the images only by means of their file names．For smoothing these difficulties away，we are constructing a database system together with a prototype viewer which meets viewability and searchability. The searchability is based on the existing text files of the canons，Since most canons in Kongoji correspond to those of Taisho Tripitaka whose text files are available on the Internet．Therefore we attempts to recognize the character regions of the image files automatically，and to develop the interfaces which help one relate the location of the character region to the position of the character in the text file.
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** 建築資料のデジタルアーカイブ化におけるオントロジーの構築とその役割 &br; '''Construction and role of the ontology for creating digital archives of architectural material''' &br; 研谷 紀夫, 藤原 正仁, 馬場 章 &br; Norio TOGIYA, Masahito FUJIHARA, Akira BABA [#md153b10]
We constructed digital archive of architectural material of Seitaro Tsuboi house which was built in Tokyo 1923. However, the architectural material contains many technical terms and a large number of names of people and organizations. If we did not clarify the relationship among the original，the digital archive would not make it easy to understand the relationship among the material. As a result，We developed an ontology concerning the knowledge information described in the architectural documents，and created archive based on the ontology. Application of ontology is prominent in industrial，medical，and legal fields，but there are few cases where it has been applied to historical material. Consequently, this paper explains the merits of ontology developing in the digital archiving of historical material.
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(2), 25-32}; [#k150dc83]
** EADによる電子的検索手段のデータ記載形式 -いくつかのEAD最良実践ガイドラインから- &br; '''Data format of EAD finding aids：from an analysis of some EAD Best Practice Guidelines''' &br; 五島 敏芳 &br; Haruyoshi GOTOH [#p4a1e4ac]
最近，記録史料の電子的検索手段のデファクト国際規格EAD,Encoded Archival Description（符号化記録史料記述）を，日本の記録史料の記述または日録へ適用する試みがある. しかし，それらは共通のデータ記載形式を持っていない．そこで本稿では,米国のEADデータ構成・記載形式についてのガイドラインの内容を検討し，記録史料管理上および技術上の要点を析出する．加えて同ガイドラインの一つに基づくデータ構築の支援工具作成の取り組みを紹介する．
Recently・We have got some case studies of an application of EAD，Encoded Archival Description to the Japanese archivl descrliptions or archival finding aids・However，those experiments do not have common data format・This article examines the structure and format of EAD data in some best practice guidelines for EAD（BPG-EAD）in America．It also extracts technical points about the data construction and archival management．In addition，it presents the approach of supprting tools for the EAD−data construction based on one of these BPG-EAD．
キーワード：EAD，電子的検索手段，データ記載形式，最良実践ガイドライン，記録史料記述，記録史料目録
archives,EAD,electronic finding aids，data format，best practice guideines, archival description
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(2), 33-36}; [#dff8e481]
** 高木八尺寄贈文庫のデジタルライブラリー構築におけるMETSの適用可能性 &br; '''Applicability of METS in constructing a digital Library system for Y.Tagagi's collection''' &br; 宮内 智代, 石塚 英弘 &br; Tomoyo Miyauchi, Hidehiro Ishizuka &br; 筑波大学 大学院図書館情報メディア研究科 &br; Grad.School of Lib.,Info. ＆ Media Studies，Univ.of Tsukuba [#iad9101d]
METS（Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard）is applied to constructing a digital library system of Tkagi's collection in Center for Pacific and American Studies，University of Tokyo. The collection was presented by Professor Yasaka Takagi（1889−1984）of the same university, who is a pioneer of American studies in Japan, to the center for a researcher of the same field. Takagi's collection contains various types of material and media，for example a letter, a manuscript，a leaflet, proceedings etc. Currently cataloging activities for book and periodicals at libraly become simple and useful because of using online shared catalog system and OPAC. But there is no critical way of cataloguing for other types. METS is an XML−based standard fir encoding "hub" documents for materials whose content is digital. We see the advantages of METS and analyze uses of METS to cataloging for various type materials．
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(2), 37-42}; [#fa879bae]
** 利用者要求分析に基づく資源共有システムの提案 &br; '''A Proposal of Resource Sharing System based on the USer's Viewpoint''' &br; 古川 沙希子, 松村 敦, 宇陀 則彦 &br; FURUKAWA Sakiko, MATSUMURA Atsushi, UDA Norihiko [#ef60e013]
We propose a new method of constructing information resource sharing system which takes into account the user's viewpoint. The main approach of previous research to share the different kind of information resources is to map them into a controlled element set，such as the Dublin Core Metadata，and to search through it as a common access points. However, this approach cannot satisfy users' information needs because only a system designer's point of view is reflected into the data structure. In order to resolve this issue，we investigate user's demands and construct a resource sharing system by combining two profiles based on user's demands and each database system's requirements．
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(2), 43-48}; [#p03d00bc]
** 意味を考慮したリンキングシステムの検討 &br; '''A Study on Resource Linking System based on Semantic Information''' &br; 萬代 浩子, 松村 敦, 宇陀 則彦 &br; Hiroko BANDAI, Atsushi MATSUMURA, Norihiko UDA [#kea2b6bf]
Recently，a linking system has been introduced in the area of scholarly information．A link resolver of the system maintains links between a resource's metadata on a server and it's full text on other server. However，the link resolver cannot resolve user's information requirements. In this paper, We prpose a resource linking system based on semantic information. Our system provides links connecting a data not only to primary information but also to various related information entities，and achieves a continuous linking process by using the results from the external database services．
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(2), 49-52}; [#c1d49dce]
** 印刷物によるバリアフリー・コミュニケーション・システム 第2報 -2次元シンボル・SPコード付きコンテンツの普及状況- &br; '''Barrier-Free Communication System Using Paper Print,2nd Report -Spread of the Paper Print Contents with two dimenisional symbol SP-CODE-''' &br; 深見 拓史 &br; Takushi FUKAMI &br; 廣済堂スピーチオ販売(株) &br; Kosaido SPEECHIO [#p7689703]
In Japan，there has recently been an increasing interest in health，homecare and welfare，as we enter into a society occupied by more and more elderly people and a smaller number of younger citizens. The Ministry of Health，Labor and Welfare designated an instrument for blind people and elderly people as a“daily life tool”in April 2003. This instrument translates information printed on paper to voice reading. Our company developed this instrument，called“SPEECHIO，”as well as the new software that converts text to two-dimensional symbol named”SP-CODE.”The SPEECHIO reads SP-CODE and changes text into voice reading automatically.We believe this new barrier-free communication system will greatly help blind people and old-aged people who have difficulties in reading small prints. Continuously from 1st report，I describe the spread of the paper print contents with two-dimensional SP-CODE．
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(2), 53-56}; [#y5bde6cc]
** 言語に依存しない迷惑メール選別手法 &br; '''A Language Independent Method for Filtering Unsolicited''' &br; 阪口 哲男, 干 家富 &br; Tetsuo Sakaguchi, Jiafu Yu [#nafd5910]
The growth of unsolicited bulke-mails（spams）is a crucial problem one-mails of the Internet. There are many anti-spam tools based on automatic classification by learning，such as Bayesian filters. They are dependent on language of e-mails because they have lexical analyzer to get words from e-mails. However，spams are written in various languages，such as English，Japanese，Chinese，and so on. This paper proposes a language independent method for filtering spams. By the method，e-mails are classified into spams and no-spams by SVM which uses frequencies of sub-strings extracted from e-mails. This paper also describes a result of test of the method with sample e-mails written in English，Japanese，Chinese，and some other languages，and discusses about the result and future works.
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(2), 57-62}; [#e7ff36d7]
** 書評中の感性キーワードを用いた小説の分類 &br; '''Toward automatic classfication for novels using kanse ikeywords i nbook reviews''' &br; 原田 隆史 &br; HARADA Takashi &br; 慶應義塾大学 文学部 &br; School of Library and Information Science，Keio University [#oe2a1da6]
Most of the cases，the novels are not given the subject headings. Consequently，the novels have been classified based only on periodizations，languages or authors，but done based rarely on the sujects．In recent years，some research has been done in which the classincation of the novels using kansei keywords was tried，but these research were only experimental level since the classincation using kansei keywords cannot apply to a large number of novels. The purpose of this research is to examine the methods of classification using the keywords in online bookreviews which are rapidly incleasing on the Webs. The result of the classification done by this method gave good agreement with the one of the classification based on kansei keywords given manually．
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(2), 63-68}; [#fd98dfaa]
** ゲノム医療の実現に向けて：ゲノム医療の論理と倫理を支えるべき知識情報システム &br; '''Toward Clinical Medicine with Genomic Science： An Intelligent ninformation System to support the Logic and the Ethics''' &br; 清水 哲男, 立野 玲子, 佐々木 晃, 坂本 隆子, 景川 明佳, 塚本 俊之, 中谷 純 &br; Tetsuo Shimizu, Reiko Minamikawa-Thchino, Akira Sasaki, Takako Sakamoto, Sayaka Kagekawa, Toshiyuki Tsukamoto, Jun Nakaya &br; 東京大学医科学研究所, (財)東京都臨床医学総合研究所, (株)富士通アドバンストソリューションズ, 神戸大学人学院医学系研究科 &br; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, The Metropolitan lnstitute of Medical Science, Fujitsu Advanced Solutions Limited, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine [#k6f34676]
ClinicaI medicine with genomic science is defined as clinical application of genomic findings. Translational research（TR）is required to narrow the gap between clinical medicine and genomic findings. There are multi-disciplinary approaches to understanding the complex biology of whole organisms in their natural environments. These approaches rely on knowledge covered by conventional analytical techniques of life science and by bioinformatics and computer science. Sharing the whole knowledge is essential for the multi-disciplinary approaches.The purpose of TR is also testing to apply novel therapeutic strategies to humans，which are developed through experimentation. The ethics is indispensable to the operation of TR. We propose to develop research environment，that is，an intelligent information system to support TR. In this paper, system concept of the intelligent information system is discussed in the view of the logic and the ethics．
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(2), 69-72}; [#c87f885e]
** 臨床医学と基礎医学の橋渡し：e-pathfinderによる知識の統合・表現法に関する検討 &br; '''Building a Bridge between Genomic Science and Clinical Medicine：Knowledge Integration and Presentation by e-pathfinder''' &br; 景川 明佳, 中谷 純, 塚本 俊之, 佐々木 晃, 坂本 隆子, 立野 玲子, 清水 哲男 &br; Sayaka Kagekawa, Jun Nakaya, Toshiyuki Tsukamoto, Akira Sasaki, Takako Sakamoto, Reiko Tachino, Tetsuo Shimizu &br; (株)富士通アドバンストソリューションズ, 東京大学医科学研究所, 神戸大学大学院医学系研究科, (財)東京都臨床医学総合研究所 &br; Fujitsu Advanced Solutions LTD., The institute of Medical Science・The University of Tokyo, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, The Tokyo MetropolitanInstitute of Medical Science [#vdfacf50]
In genomic-translational research（genomic-TR）, bridging genomic science and clinical medicine is the most important issue. And also cross-discriplinary genomic-TR teams need knowledge sharing. Focusing on hematology，we tried to implement e-pathfinder prototype. This prototype system provides integrated knowledge database and enables to represent the knowledge with GUI（Graphical User Interface）. In this paper，We illustrate knowledge information system��e-pathfinder��and discuss the future tasks of genomic-TR support systems．
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** トランスレーショナルリサーチにおける診療プロトコル知識表現の提案 &br; Basic Knowledge Representation of Clinical Protocols for Translational Research &br; 佐々木 晃, 中谷 純, 東川 明佳, 塚本 俊之, 坂本 隆子, 立野 玲子, 清水 哲男 &br; Akira Sasaki, Jun Nakaya, Sayaka Kagekawa, Toshiyuki Tsukamoto, Takako Sakamoto, Reiko Minamikawa-Tachino, Tetsuo Shimizu &br; 東京大学医科学研究所, 神戸大学大学院医学系研究科, (株)富士通アドバンストソリューションズ, (財)東京都臨床医学総合研究所 &br; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo,Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Fujitsu Advanced Solutions LTD．The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science [#ac105f96]
Genomic translational research that applies genomic firldings to clinical science entails an experimental phase using Human, that is, "experimental care". Such a phase should be done in the maximum of safety and efficiency，which is essential for the success of translational research. We are developing a protocol management system that supports experimental care. The system helps to manage optimized operation of experimental care by meanSOfsupportingthedevelopmentofcareprotocoIsandthecomplianceoftheprotocoIs．This paper shows a basic knowledge representation suitable for care protocols of translational research．
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** 消失や改変されたWebページの分析 &br; '''The analysis of deleted or updated Webpages.''' &br; 原田 隆史, 色川 進, 富野 俊英 &br; HARADA Takashi, IROKAWA Susumu, MIYANO Shunei &br; 塵應義塾大学文学部, (株)リクルートスタッフィング &br; School of Library and Information science, Keio Unjversity, Recruit Staffing Co．Ltd. [#l6be94b0]
The impotance of web pages as information sources has grown larger as the number of pages has been increasing rapidly. Web pages，however，are not considered as a reliabe information sources since they have short life and about half of them are deleted or updated in a year. But，a part of the pages considered as deleted or updated are often moved to other servers or only change their URLs. We have found that about 30 or 40 ％ of the pages considered missing still exist and are even traceable and can be reached by analyzing the pages considered missing. We have fund out 23.6 ％ of the pages considered deleted by making the program which can trace the pages by using URL structures and keywords in title，center and selection tags．
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** 科学研究費データベースによる採択パターン分析 &br; A Pattern analysis of award of Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research &br; 西澤 正己, 根岸 正光, 柴山 盛生, 孫 媛, 野村 浩康, 光田 好孝, 前田 正史 &br; Masaki NISHIZAWA, Masamitsu NEGISHI, Morio SHIBAYAMA, Yuan SUN, Hiroyasu NOMURA, Yoshitaka MITSUDA, Masashi MAEDA &br; 国立情報学研究所, 東京電機大学, 東大・生研 [#z7abf49b]
科学研究費補助金は、わが国で最も古い大学等の研究者に対する研究費の提案・公募型の研究費配分制度である。科研費採択および成果概要データベース、さらに採択課題要覧を利用し、近年の大型研究費の採択者等について、1985年から2002年までの科研費採択状況を分析した。そのパターンと基礎研究に対する科学研究費の役割についての分析を報告する。
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** 日本の論文の共著関係からみた産学連携の現状分析 &br; An analysis on university-industry research collaboration from co-authorship in Japanese academic papers &br; 孫 媛, 西澤 正己, 根岸 正光 &br; Yuan Sun, Masaki Nishizawa, Masamitsu Negishi &br; 国立情報学研究所 [#k4c4ab38]
The analysis of co-authorship in academic papers is a useful approach to objectively evaluate university-industry linkage which has been highly promoted nowadays．This kind of bibliometric research are mostly based on analyses of data extracted from the ISI's citation index databases，wich are considered not to be sufficient for assessing redsarch activities in Japan. In this study，We discuss on research network formation including university-industry research collaboration based on CJP database，produced by national Institute of Informatics．
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(3), 3-10}; [#b1aad63d]
** 構造化データ形式を用いた材料知識ベースの開発 &br; '''Development of Materials Knowledge Base with Structured Data Format''' &br; 徐 一斌, 山崎 政義, 八木 晃一, 藤田 充苗 &br; Yibin XU，Masayoshi YAMAZAKI, Koichi YAGI and Mitsutane Fujita [#w430e19f]
我々は、XMLやRDFなどの技術を用いて、複合材料の熱物性に関する材料科学の理論知識を管理、編集、およびWeb上で表示する知識ベースシステムを開発した。概念ネットワーク知識モデルを利用して、従来、非構造化データ形式で記述されてきた材料知識を、XMLとRDFフォーマットの構造化データとして整理・記述し、各概念間の関係を表示するコンセプトマップ、および各概念の内容を説明するWebページをコンピュータにより自動生成することを実現した。さらに、本システムは、材料熱物性データベースと複合材料熱物性予測システムと連携されており、材料知識の表現ページから材料の物性デー夕を参照したり、杜式を利用して新しい材料の物性を計算したりすることができる。
A materials knowledge base has been developed with structured data format．The materials theory is represented as conceptual frameworks and illustrated by concept maps. A XML file is used to describe the content of each concept，and a RDF file is used to describe the relationships of the concepts. The knowiedge data is dynamically retrieved organized and converted into web pages including text，graphs, mathmatical expressions etc. by a computer.The web pages are linked to some external data and program sources through interactive user interfaces to enrich the presentation of the knowledge．
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(3), 11-18}; [#ef5560a1]
** インターネットを活用した材料情報の提供及び検索システムの構築 &br; '''Development of Internet Materials Information and Search System''' &br; 山崎 政義, 徐 一斌, 藤田 充苗, 浅田 雄司, 飯室 茂, 松尾 宗次, 八木 晃一 &br; Masayoshi YAMAZAKI, Yibin XU, Mitsutane FUJITA, Yuji ASADA, Shigeru IIMURO, Munetsugu MATUO, Koich YAGI [#w1a7edd5]
独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構（NIMS）の材料基盤情報ステーション（MITS）は平成15年4月から構造材料関係（4データベースシステム）, 基礎物性（4DBシステム），超伝導（2DBシステム）および高分子（1DBシステム）の11種類のデータべースをWeb Site（http://mits.nims.go.jp/）で公開している．さらに，英国のケンブリッジ大学およびGranta Design社と共同で，同社が提供する材料データベースネットワークMatData.net(http://matdata.net/）と接続して欧米の主要な材料データベース発信サイトの各種材料データベースを横断検索できるシステムを開発した．
The Materials Information Technology Station（MITS）of the National Institute for Materials Science（NIMS), has developed a system for retrieving information its material property databases. The MITS system provides eleven databases：four concerning structual materials，four databases containing physical properties；two databases concerned with superconducting materials，and one database with considerable information about polymers. These have been available on its website（http://mits.nims.go.jp/）since April，2003. Granta Design Ltd hasindependently established the Materials Database Network（http;//matdata.net/）by linking materials information from a number of key reference sources，world-wide．These include ASM International's Online Material Information System，and sources of information fo r aerospace alloys，polymers，materials standards，joining etc．The NIMS and Granta systems have now been combined into a single integrated software environment，which enables rapid−searchingof the availablereference sources and retrieval of top quality materials information from each of them．
キーワード：材料データベース，インターネット，横断検索，材料選択，検索エンジン，XML
Materials database，Internet，Cross retrieval，Material selection，Search engine，XML
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(3), 19-30}; [#wf0ce272]
** 高度材料情報の的確な獲得方法の検討 &br; '''A Consideration to Obtain Accurate Information on Specialized in Material Fields on Web''' &br; 芳須 弘, 藤田 充苗, 細谷 順子, 原田 幸明, 芦野 俊宏, 中田 毅 &br; Hiroshi YOSHIZU, Mitsutane FUJITA, Junko HOSOYA, Kohmei HALADA, Toshihiro ASHINO and Takeshi NAKATA [#m4f0638d]
膨大な材料情報がインターネット，機関内や個人のPCのWebシステムで提供されている．情報の種類もテキスト，数値，画像など多岐にわたり，しかもソフトウェアを用いてデータの解析・加工を行うと新たな情報となる．利用者はこの膨大な専門情報から，目的に応じたより的確な情報を獲得しなければならない．そこで，材料分野の高温材料特性のクリープ，材料加工プロセスの溶接，および一般の材料データベースでは考慮されることのない物性への同位体効果の特殊な 3つの高度技術領域の材料特性に関して，利用者が希望する情報収集をより的確に支援するための検索方法を検討した．4種類の材料辞書を作成し，その語彙をキーワードとして自動選択し活用するため，まず検索ユーザーインターフェイスを数種類作成し，種々の情報検索を試みた．その結果，いずれの特殊領域の情報検索でも，材料オントロジに依拠した検索手順を活用すれば技術の高度化に対応したきめ細かな検索サービスが可能であることを示した．
Huge materials information are available on Web system of the Internet and/or in-house or personal computer systems. The information consist of numerical data，textual data，and image data. Moreover，if additional processings of such data using software tools are carried out，new information are added on the raw data due to the data processings. So as to meet users，needs properly，semantics of each datum along the data processing are to be taken into account in each retrieval service. As the first trial of realizing such proper services，user interface to obtain necessary by taking advantage of the in-housce ontology developed by the authors were demonstrated by using three high technology cases,namely creep property in heat-resistant materials，welding as a kind of manufacturing processes and isotope ratio dependencies on intrinsic properties which requires more microscopic descriptions than atomic element composition of material．
The retrieval for information on the internet，in-house and personal Web were tried using the user-interfaces based on keyword of terminology induced automatically from created four dictionaries in materials field. In the results，it was suggested that new retrievalserviceisobtained11Slngdevelopeduser-interfaccallddataallalysistool，ifthe retrieval is according to the conceptual map of terminology in three high technology cases．
キーワード：セマンティツクWeb, 専門語彙辞書, 検索エンジン, 予測計算, オントロジ
Semantic Web, Materials Database, XML, RDF, OWL, Ontology
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(3), 31-35}; [#n338d5bb]
** 材料データベースの続合検索システムの開発 &br; '''Development of Integrated Retrieval System for Material Databases''' &br; 吉田 健司, 真下 忠彰 &br; Kenji YOSHIDA and Tadaaki MASHIMO [#vfa6a690]
インターネット上に分散している様々な材料設計用データベースを有機的に統合するシステムを開発し，その機能を実証した．本システムは，統合検索対象のデータベースの検索条件項目，検索結果項目を分類・階層化し，定義した仮想データべ］スを利用して統合検索を実現している．本システムは複数のデータベースを同時に検索，一覧表示できるため，本機能を利用したデータベースー次検索，データの俯瞰的表示という活用が期待される．
We developed the system that organically integrates various distributed databases on the internet for material design and showed its function．This system carries out the integrated retrieval using virtual database which classified and defined search condition item and search result item of each database．This system can search multiple databases simultaneously，and display their search result in the list．Therefore，we expect that this system is useful for preliminary search and overlooking data．
キーワード：材料データベース, 統合検索, 仮想データベース, XML
material database, integrated retrieval, virtual database, XML
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(3), 36-41}; [#t4bf1feb]
** 化学分野のデータベースの現状と動向 &br; '''Chemical Databases Available Today''' &br; 時実 象一 &br; Soichi TOKIZANE [#mcf6f1dc]
文献，化学物質，反応，物性・スペクトル，参考図書の各カテゴリーについて，化学分野のデータベースの現状と動向をまとめた．
Databases available in various chemical information areas，i.e.，references，chemical substances，reactions，physical properties and spectra，are discussed．
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(3), 42-47}; [#gad49fc5]
** CODATAと“OpenAccess” &br; 国沢 隆, 岩田 修一 &br; Takashi KUNISAWA and Shuichi IWATA [#lff56e24]
Committee on Data for Science and Technology（CODATA，http://www.codata.org/）は1966年にInternational Council for Science（lCSU）の常設委員会として発足した. その使命は大量の複雑化した科学技術データを使い易くすることであり，自然科学の分野や国境を越えて組織されている. 現在では，23ヶ国と14国際学術連合がCODATAに参加している．発足当時は，科学や技術の進歩は人々の生活の改善を自動的にもたらすという暗黙の了解があり，各国の政府は科学や技術が定常的に成長するような政策を展開した. しかしながら1990年代になると，“持続的成長”に象徴される環境問題が提示するように倫理的な視点を欠いた科学・技術の進歩や大量生産・大量消費・大量廃棄を前提とした工業化社会に対しての反省と議論があり，さらには競争の激化，格差の増大等の経済状況の悪化や科学技術データの経済的価値の増大などから，各国とも科学技術データについての知的所有権強化の動向が生じた．CODATAは行き過ぎた知的所有権強化策は科学・技術の進歩に好ましくない影響を与えることになることを懸念し，この方面でもいろいろな活動を展開してきた. ここではCODATAが行ってきた“OpenAccess”という原則の普及活動について解説を試みる.
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(3), 48-58}; [#hf3b784a]
** 抑制機構を有する免疫システム型遺伝的アルゴリズムによる画像探索法 &br; '''Image Searching Method using Genetic Algorithm with Immune System having a Mechanism Imitating Suppressor T Cell''' &br; 森山 貿文, 飯村 伊智郎, 中山 訂 &br; Yoshifumi MORIYAMA, Ichiro IIMURA and Shigeru NAKAYAMA [#ma81354a]
遺伝的アルゴリズム（Genetic Algorithm：GA）が探索空間内から唯一の大局解を求めることを目的としているのに対して，複数の局所解探索に通するという優れた性貨を持つ免疫システムがある．この免疫システムは，近年CAと融合する試みが行われており，その一つとして免疫システム型GAが提案されている. しかし，この免疫システム型GAには, 長い世代進化を続けると唯一の大局解に収束してしまうという現象が起こり得る. 本論文では，免疫システムにおけるサプレッサT細胞がリンパ球前駆細胞から分化したB細胞の産生を抑制する機構を模倣して類似した個体が増え過ぎないようにする抑制機構と局所探索を免疫システム型GAに導入し，対象画像内から2次元的な姿勢自由度を持つ複数の部分画像領域を探索する手法を提案する．提案手法における抑制機構は，個体の多様性を維持し，長い世代進化を続けても唯一の大局解に収束することなく，大局解を含めた複数の局所解を探索できる効果がある．
This paper proposes a method to extract multiple target image areas similar to a given template image. The proposed method based on a genetic algoritlm（GA）with immune system searches efficiently multiple local solutions by using suppressor T cell's mechanism and local search，which are major improvements in it, whereas genetic algorithms search only one global solution. Experimental results show that the suppressive mechanism keeps efficiently diversity of individuals and extracts multiple target image areas in the condition of free locations，inclinations and scales at a high probability.
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(3), 59-70}; [#m240703d]
** ユーザの好みに基づく音楽アーティスト推奨システム &br; Music Artist Recommendation System Based on User's Tastes &br; 岡田 吉史, 澤井 政宏, 楠 芳之, 長島 知正 &br; Yoshifumi OKADA, Masahiro SAWAI, Yoshiyuki KUSUNOKI and Tomomasa NAGASHIMA [#p6173996]
Web上のオンラインショップの増加に伴い，ユーザの嗜好性に基づいて商品や情報を推奨するシステムが提案されている．しかしながら，それらは個々のユーザが，商品や情報のどの特徴や性質に着目して好んでいるか，すなわち“嗜好理由（こだわり）”を考慮するものではなかった．
本研究では，音楽アーティスト推奨を例に，ユーザの“好きなアーティスト”と“その嗜好理由”に基づき，ユーザの好みに合うと思われるアーティスト推奨法を提案し，その実装システムの開発を行っ．本システムは，同時に好まれるアーティスト（と，それらに対する嗜好理由）の関係を表す相関ルールを格納したデータベースを持つ．本論文では，テストクエリを用いた評価実験をとおして，1）嗜好理由の導入がアーティストのランキング精度に効果的に働くこと，2）従来の相関ルールに基づく推奨手法に比較して高い推奨精度を持ち，3）少ない計算量で推奨可能である，ことを示す．
It is important to develop information systems which are capable of recommending user information or items reflecting user's individual tastes. We propose a music artist recofmmendation system that provides user with music artists who are the candidates being fit with user's tastes，and are derived from inference based on“favorite music artists”and“reasons to prefer them”.
Our system consists of an interface for recommendation anda database storing association rules that are patterns of relations among music artists who are liked by people concurrently. The characteristic of our system is to consider individual differences of reasons to prefer music artists in the recommendation processes，The performance of our system shows that reasons to prerfer music artists have an effect on ranking recommended music artists，and that our system is superior to other systems in the recommendation accuracies and computational time．
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(3), 71-86}; [#v79b3821]
** Digital Talking Book方式を利用した視覚障害者のためのWeb閲覧支援 &br; '''Web Viewing Assistance for Blind People Utilizing the Digital Talking Book Method''' &br; 草野 秀明, 田畑 孝一 &br; Hideaki KUSANO and Koichi TABATA [#e9e53a71]
現代社会においてWebは重要な情報源であるが，同時にこれらの情報を扱える人と扱えない人の間に，情報格差を生じている．特に視覚障害者の場合は，音声ブラウザという専用ブラウザを用いてWebを閲覧するが，音声の聞き取りを頼りに操作するので，晴眼者と比較すると，入手できる情報量が圧倒的に少ない．そこで，本研究ではDTB（Digital Talking Book）と呼ばれる電子録音図書のコンテンツ形式を利用して，視覚障害者用のWeb閲覧を支援するシステムを提案した．これは，閲覧するWebページを DTB構造に変換して，ユーザに提供するものである．視覚障害者にとってDTB方式の操作は定形的かつ容易なので，音声ブラウザによるWeb閲覧に比べて，煩わしさを軽減させた操作環境を提供できる．実装したDTBシステムを用いて測定した，対象内容に到達するのに必要なキーボード操作回数は，音声ブラウザのそれと比較してかなり減少した．
Digital information media has become animportant information source in modern society．However，a digital divide has been created between people who can use information media and those who cannot．The volume of information available to blind people in particular，who view Web pages using a voice browser and whose use of Web pages relies on audible cues，is significantly less than that available to sighted people. We configured a Web Viewing Assistance System for blind people in this study by utilizing the Digital Talking Book Method．This system converts target Web pages into DTBs to provide their contents to users．Operation of the DTB method is uniform and simple for blind people and can provide an operational environment with reduced complexity compared with viewing Web pages using a voice browser．In the implemented DTB system，the number of key strokes required to reach target contents is considerably reduced in comparison with that of a voice Web browser.
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(3), 87-97}; [#w16063b3]
** 遺伝的アルゴリズムによる画像中の碁盤座標の精密な抽出と棋譜自動生成 &br;'''Image processing using Genetic Algorithm for Accurate Extraction of GO-coordinates and Automatic Generation of Go-record''' &br; 芝 浩二郎, 西 省吾, 森 邦彦 &br; Kojiro SHIBA, Shogo NISHI and Kunihiko MORI [#b008159d]
我々は囲碁の対局状況を撮影した画像から棋譜を自動的に生成するシステムの開発を行っている．棋譜生成のためには碁盤上の19×19の罫線の交点（以後，碁盤座標と呼ぶ）に置かれた碁石の位置を正確に検出しなければならない．我々のシステムでは使いやすさを考慮し碁盤をCCDカメラで種々の方向から撮影する．この場合，画像中の碁盤座標を直接的に検出することは困難である．しかしながら，碁盤の領域摘密に認識できれば，碁盤座標を精密に求めることができる．従って，まず最初に碁盤と無関係な物も含む画像から碁盤の領域を認識する必要がある．本論文で，我々は精密な碁盤座標を抽出するための追加アルゴリズム（Genetic Algorithm）を用いたパターンマッチングアルゴリズムを提案する．提案するアルゴリズムを組み込んだ試作システムを用いて提案するアルゴリズムを評価した．その結果，試作システムで正しい棋譜を生成できることを確認できた．
We develop the system which automatically carries out Go-record from the image of the Go-game situation. For the Go-record，Go-stone has to decide its position on the 19×19cells of the Go-board which we call Go-coordinates. In our system，the Go-board is shot in various directions with the CCD camera for simple operation. In this case，it is difficult to directly extract accurate Go-coordinates in the image. However，We are able to extract accurate Go−coordinates if the area of the Go−board is recognized accurately. Consequently，in the first step，the contour of the Go-board has to be recognized from the image which includes unrelated objects. In this paper，We propose the pattern matching algorithm for the extraction of the accurate Go-coordinates in the image using the genetic algorithm（GA）.We evaluated the proposed algoritlm on the prototype using the proposed algorithm by dealing with the image which includes unrelated objects．As a result，it has been verified that the prototype generates the correct Go-record．
** &size(12){情報知識学会誌, 2005, 15(3), 98-106}; [#r5bd5720]
** 特許文献における因果関係の抽出と統合:概要とその後の展開 &br; '''Extraction and Integration of Causal Relationships in Patent Documents：Summary and A Subsequent Activity''' &br; 石川 大介, 石塚 英弘, 宇陀 則彦, 藤原 譲 &br; Daisuke ISHIKAWA, Hidehiro ISHIZUKA, Norihiko UDA and Yuzuru FUJIWARA [#s24ad657]
我々は，類推を利用する発想支援システムの構築を目指して研究している．そのシステムの類雑でベースとして用いる知識の抽出源として、特許文献を用いる．その理由は次の２点である．（１）特許文献は発明の手段とその効果の因果関係が記述されているため，因果関係を抽出できる可能性がある．(２)特許文献には様々な産業分野が含まれるため，抽出された因果関係は産業に適用できる可能性がある．そこで，繊維工学の分野の特許文献から因果関係の抽出を試み，化合物とその性質の因果関係を得た．次いで，薬学分野を対象に特許文献から因果関係を抽出し，得られた因果関係をベース知識として用語の類似性を用いる類推方法を考案した．本稿では，これらの結果を報告する.
The aim of our study is to develop a creativity support system which uses analogical reasoning. We adopt patent documents for extracting base knowledge in analogical reasoning on the system because patent documents have the following features； 1）Patent documents have potential to be extracted a sort of causal relationship between a method of invention and its effect，since the relationship is described in patent documents； 2）Extracted causal relationships have potential to be applied to industry，since patent documents include various industrial fields. Therefore we tried to extract some causal relationships from patent documents in fiber engineering, and some causal relationships between compound and its property are obtained. After that we extracted some causal relationships from patent documents in pharmaceutical field，and contrived a method for analogical reasoning by using the obtained causal relationships and similarity of keywords.Those results of our study are described in this paper.
