Kengo Miyo、Kazuhiko Ohe†、Masayuki Kajino†† †東京大学、††中山書店
Recently "Evidence-Based Medicine", which is a new approach to practicing medicine based on the most reliable and up-to-date knowledge, attracts a great deal of attention. To acquire such knowledge, we could use two categories of information sources. One is static knowledge derived from medical textbook that includes well-organized but not up-to-date knowledge. The other is the information sources acquired from the Internet, and it includes up-to-date but fragmentary knowledge compared to textbooks. Therefore we have developed a new style of electronic textbook for internal medicine that can integrate the static knowledge from traditional textbooks with the information resources on the Internet. The system automatically generates the HTTP/1.0 messages on the user's demand and sends these messages to the famous search engines (e.g. ODIN, SENRIGAN, and so on) and literature search servers. The literature search servers provide the full text database of the important 15 biomedical journals via the Internet(e.g. Core Biomedical Collection on OVID). The Internet resources and the contents of the internal textbook can be displayed with the same interface, because the embedded program is responsible for the interpretation of the results in HTML. We evaluated this integrated electronic textbook by searching the related knowledge on the Internet from each of 309 diseases we selected. The result is that the medical resources on the Internet were acquired for 31.4% of disease by use of ODIN and 74.8% of disease by use of Core Biomedical Collection. The Internet will be rapidly evolving from many resources including medical information in the future. Our approach, which integrated the static knowledge of a traditional textbook with the dynamic knowledge on the Internet, could be very useful because it combines the power of the Internet resources and a textbook.
Schu Hirata 慶応義塾大学
Hundreds of thousands of the World Wide Web sites offer too much information, and people are frustrated to search necessary information by surfing. Then, Webcasting concept came up to draw attentions in 1996, when PointCast started its services to semi-automatically deliver customized news to each of the sub- scribers, followed by many other competitors including Marimba and IFusion as well as Netscape and Microsoft. What will be the future of push technology?
Satoshi IKEDA 通商産業省
The Technological Research Council on Computer Utilization (RIYOKENN) was established in the Agency of industrial Science and Technology, MITI in 1968 to conduct multilateral and professional research mainly on computer utilization problems in administrative fields of a technical standpoint by having experts from the various governmental organizations. Nowadays, almost all the kinds of administrative documents in Japanese government offices have become electronic documents. But it is difficult to exchange the documents between each offices because the formats of the electronic documents is not standardized. The Government have also begun to supply its information by electronic documents such as CD-ROMs in white papers. But it is necessary for the users to prepare the software that can be adapted each document because the formats of the electronic documents are not unique. Here we take up the SGML as a standardized electronic document format and research and examine the usefulness and possibility of SGM in administrative fields to achieve the standardization of the governmental information.
Utako MORITA、Masahiko SUZUKI†、Yoshiichi CHIBA†† †科学技術振興事業団、††富士通ラーニングメディア
The JST Publishing Division has developed a set of Document Type Definition (DTD) and an experimental SGML-based publication system to accommodate its publication process to the technology of today. Using this system, they edited an issue of "JOHO KANRI" (Vol.38, No.8) in SGML based on the DTD and made it available via CD-ROM and the Internet. They intend to publish all publication forms of this journal (electronic and printed) by this system. The author presents the history of the development, the results of the experimental use of DTD and the SGML-based publication system at JST, and the problems encountered.
Teruaki Ito 徳島大学
The paper describes an approach of piping layout planning using genetic algorithm (GA). Optimization technique of GA generates a preliminary route path through evolution of genes which represent the piping route path. A designer evaluates the route path, modifies it, and repeats the procedure until the appropriate path is formulated. In this way, a designer can interactively proceed the layout of piping in a collaborative manner using a design support system. The paper describes the procedure of the method using some results of simulation and shows the validity of our approach.
Takashi Kunisawa†、David Sankoff†† †東京理科大学、††Universite of Montreal
As genomic sequence data accumulate, methods for comparing gene arrangements on genomes are becoming more important. We had previously developed a combinatorial algorithm to compute an approximate optimal number of recombinations (inversions or transpositions) necessary to convert the gene order in one genome into that of the other. We applied this algorithm for signed permutation to the evolution of plastid genomes. The incomparability of gene labeling is a major problem associated with the use of database annotations. We have constructed a normalized labeling system across a total of 11 plastid genomes, which have so far been completely sequenced. It was shown that the fraction of recombinations to the number of homologous genes compared is an appropriate measure of evolutionary distance for phylogenetic inference. Biological significances of the derived phylogeny were also discussed.
Mitsuru Aida 国文学研究資料館
I'm proceeding to construct Pedigree-database by using the original work copy. Now I'd constructed the first regular-table.I think that there are three special distinctive features in this constructing method. 1.Inputting a tag-added original work copy 2.Adding the ID-data for marking relations 3.Recording original informations
Noboru Ueda 文教大学
The division of meaning of word into extension and intension is argued in many philosophical studies of natural language. The present paper constructs, as it were, the third meaning of word on the extensional meaning of word. Given a set of words and a domain of objects, the third meaning, which shall be termed a value of word in this paper, is defined as follows: The value of a word is represented by the maximum covering (=subset of words which can be applied to at least one object) of apohya (=subdomain of objects to any of which the word must not be applied). The definition is hinted in an ancient Indian theory of language called apoha-thoery, or exclusion-theory of meaning. Our results concerning the value of word are as follows: 1. A negative term(nonA) is defined as a word whose value is represented by the maximum covering of the subdomain of objects(extension) which is determined by the complement of the maximum covering of the apohya of the word A. 2. The law of double negation does not hold; that is, the value of the term non- nonA is not always the value of the term A. 3. The law of triple negation holds; that is, the value of the term nonnonnonA is the value of the term nonA. 4. if the given set of words and domain of objects have a normal hierarchical structure which shall be specified in the body of the paper, then the law of double negation holds. 5. A compound term(AB) is defined as a word whose value is represented by the sum of the maximum coverings which represent the value of word A and B respectively. 6. Every word in an extended set of words has the same value irrespective of the order of the introduction of new words so long as each new word does not affect the extension and apohya of any of the pre-existing words.
Kiyoshi NOSU NTT
Hi-Tech corporations are now promoting their business operations in more and more non-self-consistent manners, such as strategic alliances and virtual corporations. In addition, hi-tech research and development in these corporations are also shifting towards the non self-consistent styles. Professional technical societies are now recognized as inter- organization societies to meet the above trends. This paper examines the roles of organizational editorial functions in the knowledge creation of the professional technical societies. The paper also describes the case study of the fiber optic transmission system development to prove the significance and the effectiveness of the editorial functions in high-tech professional societies. The case study indicates (1) An organizational editorial process becomes active just before and after the novel high tech products are firstly introduced into the market. (2) An organizational editorial process is effective for the immature technology and the widely integrated technology.
Takaharu Atago、Jun Tateyama 科学技術振興事業団
We developed multimedia applications for demonstrating the usefulness of broadband network in research collaboration and education of science and technology. Michigan State University and Japan Science and Technology Corporation were connected by 45Mbps dedicaed international testbed. The collaboration experiments were successfully conducted. We report the summary of the experiments and refer to some points that should be paid attention to for making full use of broadband networks.
Satoru MIYAZAKI、Hideaki SUGAWARA 国立遺伝学研究所
We demonstrated that a broad band network based on ATM switches is feasible and applicable for multi-media communications for cooperative researches among remote laboratories. This kind of cooperation is indispensable to such research and development as biodiversity where many laboratories distributed in the world will participate. The demonstration was done between two sites in Japan and a site in US. The subjects were NSF mount across the Pasific ocean of a multi-media contents on microbes, a distant learning system on microbiology and a virtual laboratories for the study of molecular evolution. We successfully accomplished the three subject and believe in the future and necessity of giga-bit network.
Mitsutane Fujita、Tadaharu Yokokawa 金属材料技術研究所
The abilities of the developed laboratory for remote experiments in material science and the results of actual testing among NRIM, JST and MSU using the broadband research network are introduced. Moreover, the problems of the system are discussed based on the quality of real time movie.
Keiko TEZUKA†、Sachiko MATSUI††、Kazuaki KISHIDA††† †東京工業大学、††図書館情報大学、†††駿河台大学
The aim of this study was to find a method for enlarging the subject bibliography on "poverty," a multidisciplinary subject in social sciences. We investigated a method for retrieving related documents using semantic and citation retrieval methods. The sources of this study are the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBS~ and the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI). A set of 791 items on "poverty" (called Set P) were retrieved from the IBSS (including 129,568 items) by semantic searching using class numbers (on poverty), descriptors ("poverty"), and title words ("poverty" or "poor"). An- other set of 3,255 items (called Set B) were found in the SSCI by citing the items in Set P. A third set of 133,896 items (called Set C) were cited by the items in Set B. A direct citation relationship between Set P and Set B, and a co-citation relationship between Set P and Set C were examined. Then, the subject bibliography on "poverty" was enlarged by combing the entire IBSS(including Set P) and Set B or Set C. The authors conclude that the method in this study is useful for finding out subjects relative to "poverty" inside the IBSS, and for retrieving documents on "poverty" outside the IBSS.
Shigeaki Yamazaki 東京慈恵会医科大学
The National Library of Medicine(NLM) has a long-standing tradition of providing health professionals access to information in biomedical literature through database services. The need for quality filters in biomedical databases is increasingly required. One of the way NLM assists users is to add subsequent notices of retractions and errata to citations of articles indexed in Medline. Users who search Medline will be informed if they retrieve a citation for an article that has subsequently been retracted, and an article in which a substantive error has been noted. NLM links the citations to the published retraction notices or errata using the headings of publication type(PT). Another of the way NLM assists users is to find the best evidence from clinical trials(CTs) and randomized controlled trials(RCTs) in the Medline database. The Cochrane Collaboration is working with the NLM to identify the published papers on CTs and RCTs. CTs and RCTs are now increasingly being used to evaluate the effectiveness of health care intervention. In order to improve the use of Japanese databases in medicine, JMEDIC[NE and Igaku Chuo Zasshi(Japana Centra Revuo Medicina) should be suggested to index adequate information on clinical trials, retraction, and errata.
Yuan Sun、Masamitsu Negishi 学術情報センター
The number of scientific publication in six fields of engineering has been surveyed by searching COMPENDEX database. In this study, we quantitatively analyzes the research trend of seven countries, e.g. Japan and USA, in each field over the period 1976-1994 using correspondence analysis. The results show that the percentage of some fields, such as industrial engineering and electrical engineering, is increasing while that of mining engineering is decreasing. Also, it is revealed that Japan and France continue to increase their shares in most fields.
Yukio Iwabachi†、Koichi Koizumi†† †都築学園、††リアルタイム・グラフィックス
The number of scientific publication in six fields of engineering has been surveyed by searching COMPENDEX database. In this study, we quantitatively analyzes the research trend of seven countries, e.g. Japan and USA, in each field over the period 1976-1994 using correspondence analysis. The results show that the percentage of some fields, such as industrial engineering and electrical engineering, is increasing while that of mining engineering is decreasing. Also, it is revealed that Japan and France continue to increase their shares in most fields.
Makoto Mishina タスクネット
Visual Simulations by using personal computer are very useful for jet pilot training, creative planning for political science and presentation for new business. Especially, Visual Simulations are excellent and sophisticated for training and business game. Effectiveness of simulations is evaluated by the appraisal equation for system design. Finally, several considerations are discussed about practical applications of Visual Simulation.
